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Here we attempt to assess the issue as to whether the Etruscans had access to medicinal plants that could have alleviated the symptoms or indeed cured the effects of Fasciola hepatica infection. Interestingly, a number of the predictions regarding thunder, rain and the health of sheep flocks could be interpreted as premonitions of, or perhaps even a primitive understanding about worm infections such as that caused by liver fluke - Fasciola hepatica. BC) but today is preserved only in a Byzantine Greek translation from Johannes Lydus' De ostentis. This text was translated into Latin by Cicero's friend Publius Nigidius Figulus (1 st c. BC, links severe climatic events with the health of flocks and human societies ( 2, 3). Recent research into the so called вЂќBrontoscopic Calendar,вЂќ an Etruscan divination text probably created in the 8 th-7 th c. This paper investigates further likelihood of the use of some of these plants for medicinal purposes in antiquity. Of particular interest is their mention of frequent reports by ethnobotanical studies of Sicily that several Artemisia species have been used over the centuries for their digestive and vermifuge properties. AD), Leonti and colleagues ( 1) documented no fewer than 170 medicinal species and detailed the effects of the 15 natural medicines most frequently used today in Italy. In a recent exploration of the use of traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in Sardinia and Sicily compared with that recorded in historic sources of such knowledge, e.g. Some developments, such as the atrium-house, the tie-beam truss or the post-mortem C-section, have exerted far-reaching influence because they were acquired by Rome we suggest that some herbal medicines may be traced at least back to ancient Etruscan practices. Archaeological and iconographic evidence shows them to have developed innovative technologies, including their own distinctive versions of medicine and pharmacology.

The gradual takeover of Etruria by Rome led to the loss of their literature except for scant inscriptions and Greek and Latin glosses preserving vocabulary terms. 1000 BC) to the later first millennium BC their material culture may be traced back into prehistory. The Etruscans were the dominant culture of central Italy from the Iron Age (ca. Keywords: Etruscan herbal, digestive disorders 1. Interestingly, some of the plants in the putative ancient Etruscan herbal remain in use in central Italy to the present day, where they continue to be efficacious in the treatment of digestive disorders and worm infestations. This paper investigates documentation for the plants known to the Etruscans, focusing particularly on those natural forms of treatment that would have been efficaceous in terms of Fasciola hepatica (Liver fluke) infection. New research into the Etruscan practice of divination from sheep livers, a skill for which they were held in high regard by the Romans, who themselves took up the practice, has shown that the liver could often be diseased. Some tantalizing hints of herbal folk-medicine may be discerned in the rare remnants of literary and archaeological evidence for the Etruscan culture, a distinctive group who dominated central Italy through the first half of the first millennium BC much of their material culture and learning was subsumed by the Romans. Plants comprise active secondary metabolites such as essential oils, alkaloids, bitters, flavonoids, tanins and glycosides, that can be used to heal, to cure or to prevent infection and disease.

In the very distant past, European and Mediterranean peoples must have shared an extensive collection of folk experiences as to how certain plants were to be used as medicines. Select the file that you have just downloaded and select import option Reference Manager (RIS).

Natural remedy for hookworms in humans download#

Available fromД¬lick on Go to download the file. Were natural forms of treatment for Fasciola hepatica available to the Etruscans?.